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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Acute abdomen and hypothyroidism.

Anil Bhansali1, G Shanmugasundar, Rama Walia

  • 1Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical and Educational Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Juvenile primary hypothyroidism can rarely present as acute abdomen with multicystic ovaries. Early diagnosis and levothyroxine treatment are crucial for successful management and preventing unnecessary surgery.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Gynecology
  • Surgical Emergencies

Background:

  • Acute abdomen is a common presentation in pediatric emergency care.
  • Multicystic ovaries can be associated with various endocrine and gynecological conditions.
  • Juvenile primary hypothyroidism is a condition requiring timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the rare presentation of juvenile primary hypothyroidism as acute abdomen with multicystic ovaries.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering hypothyroidism in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions in children.
  • To showcase the successful management of such cases with levothyroxine therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Case series presentation of three pediatric patients.
  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic workup, and treatment outcomes.
  • Correlation of hormonal assays, imaging findings, and clinical response to therapy.

Main Results:

  • Three cases of juvenile primary hypothyroidism presenting with acute abdomen and multicystic ovaries were identified.
  • All patients showed resolution of symptoms and normalization of ovarian morphology upon initiation of levothyroxine treatment.
  • Diagnosis of hypothyroidism averted surgical intervention in all three cases.

Conclusions:

  • Juvenile primary hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen with multicystic ovaries in pediatric patients.
  • Early biochemical diagnosis and prompt levothyroxine replacement are effective in managing this rare presentation.
  • Appropriate medical management can prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical procedures.