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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Benign endoscopic biopsies may be a red herring.

Laith Alrubaiy1, Waqar Ahmed, Jonathan Sutton

  • 1Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma mimicking an inflammatory mass was diagnosed after extensive investigations. Surgical resection revealed the malignancy invading the lung, highlighting the importance of thorough histopathology.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Esophageal cancer can present with varied symptoms, sometimes mimicking benign conditions.
  • Extensive candidiasis can obscure underlying malignancies on initial endoscopic evaluation.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of esophageal neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in differentiating malignancy from inflammatory masses.
  • To emphasize the importance of histopathological confirmation in complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of a 64-year-old man with hematemesis and melena.
  • Diagnostic workup including repeated endoscopies, biopsies, and computed tomography scan.

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Longitudinal Incision for Endoscopic Submucosal Excavation of Gastric Subepithelial Lesions
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Longitudinal Incision for Endoscopic Submucosal Excavation of Gastric Subepithelial Lesions
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Longitudinal Incision for Endoscopic Submucosal Excavation of Gastric Subepithelial Lesions

Published on: April 28, 2026

  • Surgical intervention involving three-stage esophagectomy with lung lobe resection and reconstruction.
  • Histopathological examination of the resected mass.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial endoscopies and biopsies suggested extensive candidiasis with inflammatory changes, not malignancy.
    • Computed tomography revealed a mass with air bronchograms and cavities, and mediastinal adenopathy.
    • Further endoscopies identified a fistulous connection between the esophagus and bronchial tree.
    • Histopathology confirmed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with local invasion into the lung.

    Conclusions:

    • Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can present insidiously, mimicking inflammatory or infectious processes.
    • A high index of suspicion and comprehensive diagnostic approach are necessary for accurate diagnosis.
    • Surgical resection remains a key treatment modality for locally invasive esophageal cancer.