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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Dementia presenting with visual complaints.

Nikolaos Koutroumanos¹, Michael P Clarke, Urs Peter Mosimann

¹Wolfson Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visual complaints can precede memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. This case highlights cerebral visual impairment as an early dementia symptom, suggesting a need for simple screening measures.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Geriatrics

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
Visual disturbances can occur in AD, but are often overlooked as early symptoms.
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) may manifest before significant memory decline.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case where visual complaints were the initial symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
To emphasize the significance of CVI in the early diagnosis of dementia.
To propose a simple screening method for CVI in suspected dementia cases.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 78-year-old female with progressive visual complaints.
Ophthalmological examination to rule out ocular pathology.
Cognitive screening tests and comprehensive dementia assessment.

Main Results:

The patient presented with a 2-year history of visual impairment preceding memory problems.
Cognitive testing revealed significant visuo-constructive deficits.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed, with CVI as the presenting symptom.

Conclusions:

Visual complaints can be the earliest manifestation of Alzheimer's disease.
Cerebral visual impairment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained visual symptoms, especially in older adults.
Early identification of CVI may facilitate timely dementia diagnosis and intervention.