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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Sources of Food Contamination01:29

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)
10:22

Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)

Published on: June 30, 2020

Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) toxicity.

Sima Besharat1, Mahsa Besharat, Ali Jabbari

  • 1Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Shalikoobi Ave, 21st Edalat, Gorgan, 49177-44563, Islamic Republic of Iran.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) ingestion can lead to toxic effects. This study reports on eight patients experiencing wild lettuce toxicity in Iran, all of whom recovered with conservative management.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Ethnobotany
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) is a plant found in northern Iran.
  • Some local populations consume wild lettuce without awareness of its potential toxicity.
  • Adverse health effects from wild lettuce consumption are not widely documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of wild lettuce toxicity.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate historical data in diagnosing plant-induced poisoning.
  • To outline the management strategies for wild lettuce toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Case series describing eight patients admitted with suspected wild lettuce toxicity.
  • Diagnosis based on clinical suspicion and detailed patient history.

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Semi-High Throughput Screening for Potential Drought-tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Germplasm Collections
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Semi-High Throughput Screening for Potential Drought-tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Germplasm Collections

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  • Treatment focused on conservative measures, including vital sign monitoring and supportive care.

    • Main Results:

    • Eight patients presented with symptoms of wild lettuce toxicity.
    • All patients recovered fully, with one requiring 48 hours in intensive care.
    • No chronic complications were reported following treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) can cause significant toxic effects.
    • Clinical suspicion and thorough patient history are crucial for diagnosis.
    • Conservative management and supportive care are effective for treating wild lettuce toxicity.