Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
Published on: April 9, 2019
[Pharmacoeconomics: basic concepts and applications to clinical anesthesia]
R Ortiz-Gómez1, I Fornet-Ruiz, F J Palacio-Abizanda
1Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Madrid. jortizgo@cfnavarra.es
Abstract:
The economic evaluation of medications and health care technology has gained importance in recent years. Health care resources are limited and their use must be optimized so that we can take the greatest possible advantage. Pharmacoeconomics seeks to analyze the best therapeutic drug choices to obtain the desired outcome in specific cases or in populations. The 4 approaches used in pharmacoeconomics are cost-minimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis. This review examines the characteristics of each type of study using examples from anesthesiology, a field in which pharmacoeconomics is beginning to play a role.
Related Concept Videos
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia
General Anesthesia: Overview
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or within...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
