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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Tertiary lymphoid organs in lymphatic malformations.

Andrew L Kirsh¹, Sharon L Cushing, Eunice Y Chen

¹Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Washington, USA.

Lymphatic Research and Biology

|June 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphoid aggregates in lymphatic malformations can form tertiary lymphoid organs. Their density varies by location, particularly in the oral cavity compared to the neck.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pathology
Vascular Anomalies

Background:

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital vascular anomalies.
The presence and role of lymphoid aggregates within LMs are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if lymphoid aggregates in LMs express tertiary lymphoid organ (TLO) markers.
To correlate TLO density with clinical features of head and neck LMs.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 29 head and neck LM patient cases with >5 years follow-up.
Immunohistochemical staining of LM tissues for TLO markers (dendritic cells, high endothelial venules, B/T-cells, chemokines).
Quantification of lymphoid aggregate density and statistical analysis against clinical data.

Main Results:

Larger lymphoid aggregates in LMs consistently expressed TLO markers.
Oral cavity LM specimens showed higher TLO density than neck specimens (p=0.0235).
De Serres stage 4 neck LMs had the highest TLO density; no association with other clinical features.

Conclusions:

Certain lymphoid aggregates within LMs function as tertiary lymphoid organs.
TLO density is associated with LM location, suggesting a role in pathogenesis.
Further research is needed to elucidate the role of lymphoid neogenesis in LMs.