Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methodological Approaches to Real-World Evidence Generation for Glucagon-like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same author

User-Directed vs Interruptive Real-Time Benefit Tools for Medication Changes in Primary Care.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Prevalence of 19 Social Risks in a National Survey of Veterans Health Administration Patients.

Journal of general internal medicine·2026
Same author

Development of a decision aid to help dually enrolled veterans make informed choices on medication sourcing.

Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy·2026
Same author

Type 2 Diabetes Severity Modifies Long-Term Health Expenditures After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity surgery·2026
Same author

Trends in the Chronic Use and Discontinuation of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Does medication adherence following a copayment increase differ by disease burden?

Virginia Wang1, Chuan-Fen Liu, Christopher L Bryson

  • 1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. virginia.wang@duke.edu

Health Services Research
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Medication copayment increases affect patients differently based on their health status. Lower comorbidity patients showed reduced adherence, while higher comorbidity patients maintained it, potentially increasing their out-of-pocket costs.

More Related Videos

Using Continuous Data Tracking Technology to Study Exercise Adherence in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
09:42

Using Continuous Data Tracking Technology to Study Exercise Adherence in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Published on: November 8, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Using Continuous Data Tracking Technology to Study Exercise Adherence in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
09:42

Using Continuous Data Tracking Technology to Study Exercise Adherence in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Published on: November 8, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Health economics
  • Pharmaceutical policy
  • Patient adherence

Background:

  • Medication copayments are a common cost-sharing mechanism.
  • Understanding the impact of copayments on medication adherence is crucial for patient health outcomes.
  • Patient comorbidity burden may influence response to copayment changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare changes in medication adherence.
  • To assess the impact of copayment increases on patients with high versus low comorbidity burden.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study at four Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers.
  • Compared copayment-paying veterans with hypertension or diabetes to propensity score-matched exempt veterans.
  • Stratified cohorts by Diagnostic Cost Group risk score (low <1, high >1) and assessed adherence using VA pharmacy claims data (ReComp algorithm).

Main Results:

  • Veterans with lower comorbidity were more sensitive to a U.S.$5 copayment increase.
  • In lower comorbidity groups, diabetes patients had a greater adherence reduction than hypertension patients.
  • Higher comorbidity veterans, whether copayment-exempt or not, showed similar adherence trends.

Conclusions:

  • Medication copayment increases have varied effects on low- and high-risk patients.
  • High-risk patients face higher out-of-pocket costs for continued adherence.
  • Low-risk patients may increase their risk of adverse health events due to nonadherence.