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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers
10:31

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers

Published on: September 29, 2017

Mitochondria: the next (neurode)generation.

Eric A Schon1, Serge Przedborski

  • 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Neuron
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction, including respiration and dynamics, is increasingly linked to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these cellular defects offers new therapeutic avenues for these debilitating nervous system diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders are severe nervous system diseases with unknown cell death mechanisms.
  • Mitochondrial respiration defects were previously implicated in neurodegeneration.
  • Recent genetic discoveries suggest mitochondrial dynamics also play a role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the emerging role of mitochondrial dynamics in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders.
  • To connect genetic findings with cellular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies identifying mutations in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Analysis of cellular processes affected by mitochondrial dynamics defects.
  • Integration of findings on mitochondrial respiration and dynamics.

More Related Videos

Generation of Human Brain Organoids for Mitochondrial Disease Modeling
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Generation of Human Brain Organoids for Mitochondrial Disease Modeling

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Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers
10:31

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers

Published on: September 29, 2017

Generation of Human Brain Organoids for Mitochondrial Disease Modeling
08:09

Generation of Human Brain Organoids for Mitochondrial Disease Modeling

Published on: June 21, 2021

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Main Results:

  • Mutations in hereditary neurodegenerative diseases point to mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction.
  • Mitochondrial dynamics defects impact trafficking, interorganellar communication, and quality control.
  • These dynamics are a novel link between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dynamics represent a critical new pathway in neurodegeneration.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for future therapeutic strategies.
  • This research broadens the scope of mitochondrial involvement in neurological diseases.