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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
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Spectroscopic and structural characterization of pascoite.

G Udayabhaskara Reddy1, R Ramasubba Reddy, S Lakshmi Reddy

  • 1Department of Physics, S.V.D. College, Kadapa 516003, India.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study characterizes the yellow-orange Pascoite mineral from Colorado using spectroscopy. Findings reveal mixed-valence vanadium and distorted octahedral structures, providing insights into mineral composition and properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Mineralogy and Spectroscopy
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Pascoite is a vanadium-bearing mineral with a distinct yellow-orange color.
  • The mineral's coloration suggests the presence of vanadium in mixed oxidation states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the Pascoite mineral from Colorado, USA.
  • To investigate the electronic structure and coordination environment of vanadium ions.
  • To understand the origin of the mineral's color.

Main Methods:

  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy
  • Optical absorption spectroscopy
  • Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • The yellow-orange color of Pascoite is attributed to mixed-valence vanadium.
  • Optical spectra show electronic bands characteristic of vanadyl (VO(II)) ions.
  • EPR studies indicate that VO(II) ions are present in a distorted octahedral environment.
  • NIR spectra reveal bands associated with water molecule overtones and combinations.

Conclusions:

  • The characterization confirms the presence of mixed-valence vanadium in Pascoite.
  • Spectroscopic data elucidate the coordination geometry around the vanadium ions.
  • Water molecules contribute to the spectral features in the NIR region.