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Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
06:59

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Published on: August 11, 2010

Conservation of gene function in behaviour.

Christopher J Reaume1, Marla B Sokolowski

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1C6.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homologous behaviors across species are influenced by conserved gene functions. Neurogenetics and genomics research are key to defining these shared behaviors and understanding their evolutionary basis.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Behavioral genetics reveals conserved gene functions across species for similar behaviors.
  • Advances in 'omics data, bioinformatics, and phenotyping technologies enhance the study of gene function in behavior.
  • Investigating conserved gene function is crucial for understanding behavioral homology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how gene function can be utilized to examine behavioral homology across species.
  • To explore different levels of investigation for addressing conserved gene function in behavior.
  • To highlight the importance of comparative analysis including behavioral phenotypes, function, and context.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing DNA sequence and gene pathways.
  • Examining spatial-temporal tissue expression and neural circuitry.
  • Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of behavioral phenotypes, function, and environmental context.

Main Results:

  • Gene function provides a hierarchical framework for studying behavioral homology.
  • Multiple investigation levels (DNA, pathways, expression, circuitry) can independently address conserved gene function.
  • Cross-species comparisons require consideration of phenotype, function, and context.

Conclusions:

  • Homologous behaviors exist across species.
  • Defining homologous behaviors presents significant challenges.
  • Neurogenetics and genomics are essential tools for advancing the study of behavioral homology.