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Protein crystallization facilitated by molecularly imprinted polymers.

Emmanuel Saridakis1, Sahir Khurshid, Lata Govada

  • 1Laboratory of Structural and Supramolecular Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 22, 2011
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Summary

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) act as "smart materials" to create protein crystals, essential for determining protein structures. These novel nucleants improve crystallization success rates and crystal quality, enabling structural studies previously impossible.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Protein crystallization is crucial for determining high-resolution 3D structures.
  • Existing methods for inducing protein crystallization have limitations.
  • Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are recognized for their specific molecular recognition capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and apply molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as novel nucleants for protein crystallization.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of MIPs in inducing crystallization for diverse proteins.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which MIPs facilitate protein crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of six distinct MIPs tailored for protein crystallization.
  • Screening of MIPs with nine different proteins under various crystallization conditions.
  • Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe MIP-protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • Six MIPs successfully induced crystallization in nine proteins, including cases where conventional methods failed.
  • MIPs increased crystallization hit rates by 8-10% in screening experiments for three target proteins.
  • MIPs facilitated the formation of large single crystals, accelerated crystallization, and improved diffraction quality in several instances.

Conclusions:

  • Molecularly imprinted polymers are effective and versatile nucleants for protein crystallization.
  • MIPs enhance the success rate and quality of protein crystals, enabling structural determination.
  • The specific affinity between MIP cavities and proteins underlies their function as templating nucleants.