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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
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Tungsten tetraboride, an inexpensive superhard material.

Reza Mohammadi1, Andrew T Lech, Miao Xie

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)) shows promise as a superhard material. Adding rhenium significantly enhances its Vickers hardness to approximately 50 GPa, with good thermal stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superhard transition metal borides are gaining attention for advanced applications.
  • Tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)) is a cost-effective candidate in this class.
  • Understanding its mechanical and thermal properties is crucial for material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)).
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties, specifically Vickers hardness and bulk modulus.
  • To investigate the effect of rhenium (Re) addition on the hardness of WB(4).

Main Methods:

  • Arc melting synthesis of WB(4) from elemental components.
  • Phase purity confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
  • High-pressure XRD for bulk modulus determination and microindentation for Vickers hardness testing.

Main Results:

  • Phase-pure WB(4) was successfully synthesized.
  • The zero-pressure bulk modulus of WB(4) is 339 GPa.
  • Vickers hardness of WB(4) is 43.3 ± 2.9 GPa, increasing to ~50 GPa with 1 at.% Re addition.

Conclusions:

  • Tungsten tetraboride is a superhard material with a high bulk modulus.
  • Rhenium doping effectively enhances the hardness of WB(4).
  • WB(4) exhibits thermal stability up to 400 °C in air.