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Related Concept Videos

Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is responsible...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

TGR5 in the biliary tree.

Verena Keitel1, Dieter Häussinger

  • 1Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. verena.keitel@med.uni-duesseldorf.de

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The TGR5 receptor in bile duct cells senses bile acids, increasing chloride secretion and promoting cell proliferation. This suggests TGR5 plays a key role in bile acid regulation and biliary health.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • TGR5 is a bile acid-activated G-protein-coupled receptor found in various tissues, including the liver.
  • Its presence in biliary epithelial cells suggested a role in bile acid signaling within the biliary system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise localization and functional role of TGR5 in biliary epithelial cells.
  • To understand how TGR5 mediates bile acid sensing and its downstream effects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TGR5 expression and localization in human and rodent liver and gallbladder tissues using PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence.
  • Functional studies in isolated cholangiocytes and gallbladder epithelial cells from wild-type and TGR5 knockout mice.
  • Measurement of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and chloride concentrations, and assessment of cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • TGR5 was localized to the apical membrane and primary cilium of cholangiocytes and gallbladder epithelial cells.
  • Bile acid activation of TGR5 increased intracellular cAMP and chloride secretion, dependent on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
  • TGR5 activation stimulated cholangiocyte proliferation, an effect absent in TGR5 knockout cells.

Conclusions:

  • TGR5 functions as a critical bile acid sensor in biliary epithelial cells, linking bile acid levels to bile formation.
  • The receptor is implicated in regulating bile acid-dependent cholangiocyte proliferation.
  • TGR5 may offer protective effects against bile acid-induced cellular damage in the biliary tract.