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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Population differences in microRNA expression and biological implications.

R Stephanie Huang1, Eric R Gamazon, Dana Ziliak

  • 1Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. rhuang@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

RNA Biology
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Population differences in microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified between European and African ancestries. These genetic variations influence gene expression and cellular drug sensitivity, impacting complex traits.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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09:29

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Complex traits are influenced by socioeconomic, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors.
  • Previous studies focused on genome-wide genetic and gene expression differences among ethnic populations.
  • Small non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), play crucial roles in gene regulation and cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate population differences in microRNA (miRNA) baseline expression between European (CEU) and African (YRI) ancestries.
  • To explore the biological functions of differentially expressed miRNAs, including their impact on the transcriptome and drug sensitivity.
  • To investigate the role of genetic variants (SNPs) in mediating population-specific miRNA expression differences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression using Exiqon miRCURYTM LNA arrays in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from CEU and YRI individuals.
  • Statistical analysis to identify significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between ethnic groups (Bonferroni correction).
  • Correlation analysis between miRNA expression and mRNA expression phenotypes, and association with cellular sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (FDR adjustment).
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with miRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • 16% of evaluated miRNAs showed significant expression differences between CEU and YRI populations (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected).
  • A high percentage of differentially expressed miRNAs were inversely correlated with mRNA expression phenotypes (55% in CEU, 88% in YRI) and associated with chemotherapeutic agent sensitivity (64%).
  • Numerous SNPs with differing allele frequencies were identified that affect the expression of these differentially expressed miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Significant population-specific differences exist in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles between European and African ancestries.
  • These miRNA expression variations are linked to differences in gene expression and cellular drug sensitivity, contributing to population differences in complex traits.
  • Genetic variants play a key role in driving these observed population-specific miRNA expression differences.