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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

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Focal retinal phlebitis.

Quan V Hoang¹, K Bailey Freund, James M Klancnik

¹Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York 10022, USA.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|June 22, 2011

Summary

Focal retinal phlebitis, an uncommon condition, causes macular edema and branch retinal vein occlusion. This unique entity may stem from a localized venule abnormality, distinct from typical venous occlusive disease.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Vascular Diseases

Background:

Retinal phlebitis is inflammation of retinal venules.
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) often occurs at arteriovenous crossings.

Observation:

Three patients presented with unilateral decreased vision and macular edema.
Solitary, focal retinal phlebitis, not at an arteriovenous crossing, was identified in each case.
No signs of intraocular inflammation or systemic disorders were present.

Findings:

All patients developed branch retinal vein occlusion at the site of phlebitis.
Focal retinal phlebitis led to macular edema and subsequent BRVO.

Implications:

Focal retinal phlebitis may be a distinct clinical entity.
This condition can cause vision loss through macular edema and BRVO.
Understanding this entity is crucial for diagnosing and managing retinal vascular occlusions.