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Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

Published on: August 4, 2023

Requests, Blocking Moves, and Rational (Inter)action in Survey Introductions.

Douglas W Maynard¹, Jeremy Freese, Nora Cate Schaeffer

¹University of Wisconsin.

American Sociological Review

|June 22, 2011

Summary

This study analyzes how interviewers request survey participation, showing that adapting requests to respondent cues improves cooperation. Understanding conversational interaction enhances survey recruitment success.

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Area of Science:

Social Sciences
Communication Studies
Sociology

Background:

Survey participation rates are influenced by recruitment strategies.
Leverage-saliency theory offers insights but lacks interactional detail.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the interactional dynamics of requesting survey participation.
To examine how interviewer behavior adapts to respondent cues.

Main Methods:

Conversation analytic methods applied to recorded recruitment calls.
Analysis of the 2004 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study data.

Main Results:

Respondent interactional environments (discouraging/encouraging) influence interviewer requesting strategies (cautious/presumptive).
Tailoring interviewer behavior impacts request initiation, form, and respondent cooperation.

Conclusions:

Interactional analysis provides a framework for improving survey recruitment.
Understanding conversational nuances can increase cooperation with survey participation requests.