Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
The Looking Glass Self01:28

The Looking Glass Self

The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical self-perception,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of warm pressure on feelings of social connection with close others.

Biological psychology·2025
Same author

Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Aβ-CT Affective Touch: Touch Pleasantness Ratings for Gentle Stroking and Deep Pressure Exhibit Dependence on A-Fibers.

eNeuro·2023
Same author

Chronic pain patients low in social connectedness report higher pain and need deeper pressure for pain relief.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2023
Same author

Widespread Pressure Delivered by a Weighted Blanket Reduces Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The journal of pain·2021
Same author

Organic Haptics: Intersection of Materials Chemistry and Tactile Perception.

Advanced functional materials·2021
Same journal

Benchmarking spatial discrimination thresholds of two-frame motion defined forms compared to luminance and stereoscopic defined forms.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The effect of face masks on the perception of trustworthiness and competence in individuals with autistic traits.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The importance of external features for categorizing ethnicity: can Koreans identify Korean, Japanese, and Chinese faces?

Perception·2026
Same journal

Interoception, alexithymia, and motor congruency: Psychological drivers of body ownership in virtual reality.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The frustration of a small <i>n</i>.

Perception·2026
Same journal

Why do we have two eyes.

Perception·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

The phantom head.

Vilayanur S Ramachandran1, Beatrix Krause, Laura K Case

  • 1Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California at San Diego, McGill Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, USA. vramacha@ucsd.edu

Perception
|June 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated a novel phantom-head illusion where participants felt sensations from a mannequin's head. This challenges existing theories on sensory referral and body ownership.

More Related Videos

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
09:25

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published on: August 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
09:25

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published on: August 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Perception
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The rubber-hand illusion is a well-studied phenomenon demonstrating multisensory integration and body ownership.
  • Existing Hebbian explanations for the rubber-hand illusion rely on visually accessible body parts.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying body ownership and sensory referral are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel phantom-head illusion.
  • To explore sensory referral to a non-visually accessible body part.
  • To challenge the Hebbian explanation of the rubber-hand illusion.

Main Methods:

  • Participants stood behind a mannequin, viewing the back of its head.
  • An experimenter stroked and tapped the participant's head synchronously with the mannequin's head.
  • Participants reported the perceived origin of tactile sensations.

Main Results:

  • A majority of participants experienced tactile sensations as originating from the mannequin's head.
  • This demonstrates a novel 'phantom-head' illusion.
  • Sensory referral occurred to a body part not normally visible to the participant.

Conclusions:

  • The phantom-head illusion provides new insights into body ownership and sensory integration.
  • The findings challenge the sufficiency of Hebbian principles in explaining illusions involving non-visually accessible body parts.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding the neural basis of self-perception and multisensory processing.