Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
During diastole, all four heart chambers relax. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open, and the semilunar valves close. This phase sees the lowest chamber pressures, promoting ventricular filling. Venous blood enters the heart through the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gastrointestinal microbiota and barrier integrity in individuals who develop exertional heat illness and pair-matched controls: A prospective observational cohort study.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Re: Smith et al. (2025) "Cold Water Immersion: Simultaneous Assessment of Cerebral Oxygenation, Vascular Function, and Thermoregulatory Responses".

Military medicine·2026
Same author

Effect of repeated hot water immersion on cognitive performance, cerebrovascular function, sleep and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in older adults.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Infection as an Exertional Heat Illness Risk Factor: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same author

Effect of repeated hot water immersion on muscle strength, power, function and physical activity in healthy older adults: A randomised crossover trial.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

The Effects of Nitrate on Brown Fat Fraction and Activation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.

European journal of sport science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

Cycling cadence affects heart rate variability.

Heather C Lunt1, Jo Corbett, Martin J Barwood

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK. heather.lunt@port.ac.uk

Physiological Measurement
|June 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cycling cadence and power output significantly impact heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise. Standardizing these factors is crucial for accurate HRV assessments in research and training.

More Related Videos

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
05:48

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

Published on: September 21, 2018

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
05:48

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

Published on: September 21, 2018

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic nervous system activity and is influenced by exercise.
  • Understanding how exercise parameters like cadence and power output affect HRV is essential for accurate physiological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different cycling cadences on heart rate variability (HRV) at constant power outputs.
  • To determine if cycling cadence and power output require standardization for HRV analysis during exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen male participants underwent ECG and respiratory measurements during cycling at 0 W and 100 W.
  • Four cadences (40, 60, 80, 100 revs min⁻¹) were tested using a Latin square design.
  • Spectral analysis of R-R intervals quantified frequency domain HRV indices, with log-transformed high-frequency (HF) power and low-to-high frequency (LF:HF) ratio analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Increased cycling cadence reduced high-frequency (HF) power during unloaded cycling.
  • The LF:HF ratio exhibited a 'J'-shaped curve with increasing cadence during loaded cycling, dipping at intermediate cadences.
  • Cardiac frequency and ventilatory variables strongly correlated with HRV indices (r = -0.80 to -0.95).

Conclusions:

  • Both cycling cadence and power output significantly influence HRV indices.
  • Changes in cardiac frequency and ventilation mediate the effects of cadence and intensity on HRV.
  • Standardization of power output/exercise intensity and cadence is recommended for exercise-based HRV assessments.