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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Theory of Metallic Conduction

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Half metals: from formal theory to real material issues.

Warren E Pickett¹, Helmut Eschrig

¹Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|June 23, 2011

Summary

Half metallic ferromagnets offer unique spintronics potential due to their spin-polarized nature. Despite spin-orbit coupling effects, their distinct state persists, even under strong coupling.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spintronics

Background:

Half metallic ferromagnets exhibit spin-polarized electronic states.
These materials are promising for spintronics applications.
Relativistic effects like spin-orbit coupling can alter precise half-metallicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of spin-orbit coupling on half metallic ferromagnets.
To determine if half metallicity remains a distinct state under relativistic effects.
To explore the theoretical possibility of preserving half metallicity with strong spin-orbit coupling.

Main Methods:

Analysis using collinear spin density functional theory.
Consideration of fully relativistic theory including spin-orbit coupling.
Development of a simple theoretical model.

Main Results:

Half metallicity is a qualitatively distinct state, not invalidated by spin-orbit coupling.
Spin-orbit coupling acts as a perturbative effect.
A model suggests half metallicity can survive strong spin-orbit coupling in certain conditions.

Conclusions:

Half metallic ferromagnets remain a fundamentally distinct state of matter.
Spintronics applications are still viable.
The concept of half metallicity is robust even with relativistic corrections.