Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Case management by Norwegian municipal dementia resource teams - fulfilling the role.

Aging & mental health·2026

Same author

Potentially inappropriate medications related to two-year progression of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

European journal of clinical pharmacology·2026

Same author

Automatic MRI Volumetry Assisted Visual Assessment of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Clinical Dementia Work-Up.

Brain and behavior·2025

Same author

Psychometric evaluation of the Norwegian version of the Threadgold Communication Tool.

International journal of nursing studies advances·2025

Same author

Incidence of dementia among individuals 70 years and older in Norway: A HUNT study.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025

Same author

Personalised Prevention of Falls in Persons with Dementia-A Registry-Based Study.

Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

[Early onset dementia].

Tor Atle Rosness¹, Per Kristian Haugen, Knut Engedal

¹Nasjonalt kompetansesenter for demens, Geriatrisk avdeling, Medisinsk divisjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Ullevål, Norway. tor.rosness@aldringoghelse.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke

|June 23, 2011

Summary

Dementia can affect individuals under 65, with Alzheimer's, frontotemporal, vascular, and Lewy body dementias being most common. Early diagnosis is crucial for planning and support for early-onset dementia patients and their families.

More Related Videos

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurology
Geriatrics
Cognitive Science

Context:

Dementia diagnosis in Norway affects approximately 1,200 individuals under 65.
Early-onset dementia presents unique challenges compared to later-onset forms.
Limited diagnostic tools and prolonged diagnostic timelines impact younger patients.

Purpose:

To provide an overview of common dementia types in younger patients.
To highlight the variability of cognitive symptoms in early-onset dementia.
To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic and support services.

Summary:

Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies are prevalent in younger populations.
Cognitive presentations in early-onset dementia are more diverse than in older adults.
Genetic factors account for a small proportion of early-onset dementia cases.

Impact:

Increased physician awareness of dementia in younger individuals is essential.
Development of more effective diagnostic tools for early-onset dementia is needed.
Enhanced public health and municipal coordination is required for adequate respite care and support.