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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

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Fainting attacks in children.

Kirti M Naranje¹, Arun Bansal, Sunit C Singhi

¹Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|June 23, 2011

Summary

Fainting in children, or syncope, is common, often caused by vasovagal syncope. Emergency evaluations focus on ruling out serious conditions, with most cases not requiring hospitalization.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Cardiology
Neurology

Background:

Syncope is a frequent presentation in pediatric emergency departments.
Vasovagal syncope is the most prevalent cause of fainting in children.
Accurate diagnosis is crucial to exclude rare, serious underlying pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the emergency room evaluation strategy for pediatric syncope.
To differentiate between neurally mediated, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular causes.
To emphasize the importance of history and physical examination in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Detailed patient history taking.
Comprehensive physical examination.
Categorization of syncope into major types.

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Performance of 12-lead ECG and standing tests for all patients.

Main Results:

Most investigations in pediatric syncope cases yield normal results.
A 12-lead ECG and standing test are vital diagnostic tools.
The majority of children diagnosed with syncope do not require hospital admission.

Conclusions:

Effective evaluation of pediatric syncope relies on thorough history and physical exam.
12-lead ECG and standing tests aid in identifying the cause of syncope.
Appropriate management, often outpatient, is based on the underlying etiology.