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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Published on: August 5, 2020

Building expertise using the deliberate practice curriculum-planning model.

Sharon K Krackov¹, Henry Pohl

¹Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. Skrackov@mac.com

Medical Teacher

|June 24, 2011

Summary

This article proposes a deliberate practice curriculum model to address physician education gaps. It outlines a 5-step framework for healthcare professional training to meet modern demands.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Published on: August 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Curriculum Development
Healthcare Professional Training

Background:

Current physician education systems have critical shortcomings.
Modern healthcare demands necessitate improved training for healthcare professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and describe a deliberate practice curriculum-planning model.
To integrate contemporary educational philosophies into a structured framework for healthcare education.

Main Methods:

The model involves 5 key steps for curriculum design.
Steps include defining competencies, outcome-based objectives, learner-centered content, and integrated assessment with feedback.

Main Results:

A 5-step framework for curriculum planning is detailed.
The framework emphasizes competencies, objectives, content, and a cycle of practice, assessment, reflection, and mentoring.

Conclusions:

The deliberate practice model offers a structured approach to physician education.
This model aims to enhance healthcare professional preparedness for contemporary healthcare challenges.