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Updated: May 31, 2026

Measuring Constipation in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease
Published on: September 22, 2023
Anorectal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease
Joong-Seok Kim1, Hye Young Sung, Kwang-Soo Lee
1Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. neuronet@catholic.ac.kr
Abstract:
Anorectal symptoms are frequently found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly manifested as diffuse lower abdominal discomfort, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Among these symptoms, constipation may precede by years the motor manifestations of PD. Research has focused for decades on selection of a measurement method for detection of abnormalities and support of clinometric instruments for anorectal symptoms. We review those manifestations and their contribution to evaluation of the anorectal symptoms in patients with PD.
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