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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

Cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma.

William M Mendenhall1, Jessica M Kirwan, Christopher G Morris

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, USA. mendwm@shands.ufl.edu

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|June 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma found that radiotherapy, with or without surgery, achieves high local-regional control. Distant recurrence is the primary concern, with about half of patients achieving a cure.

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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

Published on: February 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer.
  • Effective treatment strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma managed with curative intent.
  • To analyze the efficacy of radiotherapy, alone or combined with surgery, in managing MCC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 40 patients with previously untreated MCC from 1984 to 2009.
  • Treatment involved radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery, with adjuvant chemotherapy in some cases.
  • Patients were staged using the Yiengpruksawan system (Stage I: local, Stage II: regional, Stage III: distant).

Main Results:

  • The 5-year local-regional control rate was 79%.
  • Distant metastasis-free survival was 57%, and cause-specific survival was 45%.
  • Stage I disease showed significantly better distant metastasis-free survival (71% vs 37%) and cause-specific survival (58% vs 27%) compared to Stage II.

Conclusions:

  • Radiotherapy, with or without surgery, achieves high local-regional control rates for cutaneous MCC.
  • Distant recurrence is the predominant pattern of treatment failure.
  • Approximately 50% of patients treated with curative intent can be cured.