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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus
06:28

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus

Published on: October 1, 2015

Improving surveillance for acute hepatitis C.

Rachel M Deacon1, Handan Wand, Sacha Stelzer-Braid

  • 1National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales. Rdeacon@nchecr.unsw.edu.au

Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Identifying newly acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is crucial for public health. Analyzing laboratory data on past negative HCV tests significantly improved the detection of new HCV cases in New South Wales.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Accurate identification of newly acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is essential for evaluating prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Current surveillance methods in New South Wales identify fewer newly acquired HCV cases compared to national figures.
  • Documented testing before and after exposure is typically required to confirm recent HCV acquisition, posing a challenge for surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of systematically reporting past negative HCV test results from laboratories on identifying newly acquired HCV cases.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating laboratory data into the existing New South Wales (NSW) HCV surveillance system.
  • To determine if laboratory data can enhance the identification of newly acquired HCV cases, particularly in specific demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HCV notification data from two NSW laboratories in 2007.
  • Classification of cases with a negative HCV antibody test within the preceding 24 months as newly acquired.
  • Linking laboratory-identified cases with those identified by the NSW Department of Health (NSW Health) to assess surveillance effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • The inclusion of laboratory data increased the identification of newly acquired HCV cases by 28%, from 65 to 83.
  • This enhancement raised the proportion of newly acquired cases from 1.6% to 2.0% of total notifications.
  • Laboratory-identified newly acquired HCV cases were more likely to be aged 30 years or older compared to cases identified by NSW Health.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic reporting of past negative HCV test results from laboratories can significantly improve the detection of newly acquired HCV infections in NSW.
  • Integrating laboratory data into surveillance systems enhances the identification of cases, especially among individuals aged 30 and above.
  • This approach strengthens the surveillance of HCV, providing a more accurate picture of recent infections and informing public health interventions.