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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
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Inflammation01:38

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
13:37

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Published on: March 12, 2014

Perioperative innate immunity and its modulation.

Takashi Kawasaki1, Takeyoshi Sata

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan. Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.

Journal of UOEH
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Major surgery temporarily suppresses the immune system, increasing infection risk. Optimizing immune response and reducing surgical trauma are key to preventing postoperative complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Surgical Science
  • Host Defense Mechanisms

Background:

  • Innate immunity is crucial for host defense against pathogens.
  • Major surgery induces significant immunologic alterations, increasing susceptibility to postoperative infections.
  • Surgical stress temporarily inhibits innate immunity, creating a window of vulnerability to bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of surgical stress on innate immunity.
  • To identify strategies for preventing postoperative infections.
  • To investigate methods for modulating the immune response in surgical patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on surgical stress and immune response.
  • Analysis of the temporal effects of surgery on innate immunity.
  • Discussion of perioperative interventions and their impact on surgical responses.

Main Results:

  • Surgical stress suppresses innate immunity from incision through the first postoperative day.
  • Failure to regain innate immunity post-surgery correlates with infection susceptibility and complications.
  • Surgical stress triggers catabolism, pain, immunosuppression, and other systemic dysfunctions.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing immune response through nutritional support and minimizing surgical trauma via minimally invasive techniques are crucial for preventing post-surgical infections.
  • Individual immunomodulating properties are important for managing innate immunity and inflammation.
  • Further clinical studies should focus on establishing personalized immunomodulatory strategies.