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Updated: May 31, 2026

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Published on: December 20, 2016

Chemical resolution at ionic crystal surfaces using dynamic atomic force microscopy with metallic tips.

G Teobaldi¹, K Lämmle, T Trevethan

¹Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|June 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Well-prepared chromium (Cr) tips achieve atomic resolution on sodium chloride (NaCl) surfaces using dynamic atomic force microscopy. This method allows clear chemical identification of surface anions without tip-surface instabilities.

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Area of Science:

Surface Science
Atomic Force Microscopy
Materials Science

Background:

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is crucial for surface analysis.
Achieving atomic resolution on polar surfaces like NaCl(001) often faces challenges with tip-surface instabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate atomic resolution imaging of the NaCl(001) surface using dynamic atomic force microscopy (DAFM).
To establish a method for unambiguous chemical identification of surface species.
To overcome tip-surface instabilities in noncontact AFM.

Main Methods:

Dynamic atomic force microscopy (DAFM) in the noncontact regime.
Utilizing well-prepared and characterized chromium (Cr) tips.
Performing imaging at relatively large tip-sample separations.
Theoretical calculations to analyze tip-surface interactions.

Main Results:

Atomic resolution was achieved on the bulk NaCl(001) surface.
Surface chemical structure was resolved without tip-surface instabilities.
Calculations confirmed unambiguous chemical identification, with interaction strongest above anions.
The method proved effective at large tip-sample separations.

Conclusions:

Cr tips enable stable, noncontact DAFM for atomic resolution on NaCl(001).
The interaction mechanism allows unambiguous identification of surface anions.
This approach offers a practical route for interpreting atomically resolved images of polar surfaces.