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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Preschool asthma after bronchiolitis in infancy.

P Koponen1, M Helminen, M Paassilta

  • 1Paediatric Research Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland. petri.koponen@uta.fi

The European Respiratory Journal
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis before six months of age have a lower asthma risk following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared to other viral infections. This finding highlights viral etiology as a key factor in early asthma development.

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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of wheezing illness in infants younger than six months.
  • Previous studies suggest a link between infant wheezing and later asthma development.
  • The specific impact of viral etiology on long-term asthma risk following early-life bronchiolitis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term outcomes, specifically asthma development, in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis before six months of age.
  • To determine the influence of viral etiology, particularly RSV versus non-RSV infections, on the risk of developing asthma.
  • To identify early-life risk factors associated with asthma in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 205 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age was followed.
  • Viral aetiology was determined upon admission using antigen detection or PCR.
  • Long-term follow-up data on asthma were collected through structured questionnaires and telephone interviews at a mean age of 6.5 years.

Main Results:

  • Viral aetiology was identified in 97% of bronchiolitis cases.
  • Current asthma was diagnosed in 12.7% of children, with a significantly lower prevalence (8.2%) in former RSV patients compared to non-RSV patients (24%, p=0.01).
  • Independent early-life risk factors for asthma included atopic dermatitis, non-RSV bronchiolitis, and maternal asthma.

Conclusions:

  • The risk of developing asthma is significantly lower following RSV bronchiolitis compared to bronchiolitis caused by other viruses in infants hospitalized before six months of age.
  • Early-life factors such as atopic dermatitis and maternal asthma history are significant predictors of childhood asthma.
  • Understanding the viral cause of infant bronchiolitis is crucial for assessing long-term asthma risk.