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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
09:48

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Oxidative damage in ischemic stroke revealed using multiple biomarkers.

Raymond C S Seet1, Chung-Yung J Lee, Bernard P L Chan

  • 1Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg

Stroke
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative damage markers increase after ischemic stroke, with some linked to better recovery. Understanding these changes can improve antioxidant treatments for stroke patients.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
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Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke triggers significant oxidative damage.
  • Multiple biomarkers can indicate this damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate temporal changes in oxidative damage markers post-stroke.
  • Identify biomarkers associated with functional recovery after stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Assayed blood and urine samples from stroke and control subjects.
  • Measured F₂-isoprostanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products, F₄-neuroprostanes, 24-hydroxycholesterol, allantoin, and urate.
  • Correlated baseline biomarker levels with 90-day functional outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Observed bimodal changes in F₂-isoprostanes and 24-hydroxycholesterol.
  • Peak elevations in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products, F₄-neuroprostanes, and allantoin occurred 6-12 hours post-stroke.
  • Lower plasma urate levels were noted in stroke patients during the first 3 days.
  • Baseline plasma esterified hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products, urate, and free F₄-neuroprostanes predicted good functional recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative damage markers are elevated acutely and persist after ischemic stroke.
  • Temporal patterns of these markers are evident.
  • Specific baseline biomarkers correlate with long-term functional outcomes, aiding treatment strategies.