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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).

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Proteomic Mapping of Dental Enamel Matrix from Inbred Mouse Strains: Unraveling Potential New Players in Enamel.

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Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice.

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Distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque biofilms after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Acute toxicity of ingested fluoride.

Gary Milton Whitford1

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga., USA.

Monographs in Oral Science
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Acute fluoride toxicity, though rare in severe cases, can cause rapid symptoms from dental products. Prompt treatment with calcium and supportive care is crucial for managing overexposure, especially in children.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute fluoride toxicity can manifest rapidly following ingestion.
  • While fatalities are rare, non-fatal toxic signs and symptoms from overexposure are common.
  • Dental products, particularly flavored dentifrices, are primary sources of acute fluoride overexposure in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the characteristics and treatment of acute fluoride toxicity.
  • To identify common sources and contributing factors of fluoride overexposure.
  • To inform on managing acute fluoride poisoning cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acute fluoride toxicity characteristics and treatment.
  • Analysis of common sources and doses leading to toxicity.

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Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models
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Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

High Throughput SiRNA Screening for Chloropicrin and Hydrogen Fluoride-Induced Cornea Epithelial Cell Injury
14:20

High Throughput SiRNA Screening for Chloropicrin and Hydrogen Fluoride-Induced Cornea Epithelial Cell Injury

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Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models
06:16

Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models

Published on: April 26, 2024

  • Discussion of factors influencing clinical outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Overexposure cases, often from dental products, are frequent, with ~30,000 calls to US poison control centers annually.
    • Ingestion of small amounts of fluoridated dentifrice can reach toxic doses in children.
    • Clinical presentation begins with gastric distress and can progress rapidly.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective treatment involves minimizing absorption with calcium, monitoring electrolytes and acid-base balance, and providing supportive care.
    • Proper handling and storage of fluoride-containing products are essential due to toxicity potential.
    • Despite beneficial dental effects, awareness of fluoride toxicity is critical.