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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
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Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

Surfactant replacement therapy in developing countries.

Dharmapuri Vidyasagar1, Sithembiso Velaphi, Vishnu B Bhat

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612., USA. dvsagarmd@yahoo.com

Neonatology
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) effectively treats respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants but faces slow adoption in developing nations due to high costs and limited resources. Exploring cost-effective delivery methods like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is crucial for wider implementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) is a standard treatment for infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), significantly reducing mortality.
  • Despite proven efficacy, SRT adoption in developing countries remains notably slow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current usage of SRT in developing countries.
  • To identify and analyze the barriers hindering the widespread implementation of SRT in these regions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on SRT and RDS in developing nations.
  • Information gathering from countries with high prematurity and infant mortality rates.

Main Results:

  • Developing countries face a high burden of prematurity and RDS, contributing to elevated neonatal mortality.
  • Key barriers to SRT use include high cost, insufficient skilled personnel, and inadequate post-therapy support systems.
  • SRT is often limited to rescue therapy for infants with better survival prognoses (e.g., >28 weeks gestation).

Conclusions:

  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can serve as a primary RDS management strategy in developing countries.
  • SRT may be reserved for CPAP non-responders, with simpler delivery methods like aerosolization being investigated.
  • Further research is needed to develop and assess cost-effective CPAP and SRT application methods for resource-limited settings.