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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of the...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes
06:27

Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes

Published on: September 4, 2016

Epignathus with fetiform features.

Sunil Y Kumar1, U Shrikrishna, Jayaprakash Shetty

  • 1Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.

Journal of Laboratory Physicians
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epignathus, a rare oropharyngeal teratoma, causes neonatal airway obstruction and high mortality. Prenatal diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes in affected newborns.

Keywords:
Epignathusfetiformimmature teratomaresection

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Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
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Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

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Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neonatal Pathology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Epignathus represents an extremely rare oropharyngeal teratoma, frequently originating from the palate.
  • This condition is associated with a high mortality rate, ranging from 80-100%, primarily due to airway obstruction in the neonatal period.

Observation:

  • A case of epignathus immature teratoma with fetiform features is presented.
  • The teratoma originated from the basisphenoid region in a 28-week preterm male infant.
  • The neonate experienced immediate mortality post-birth.

Findings:

  • The presented case highlights an unusual origin of epignathus from the basisphenoid.
  • The immature teratoma exhibited distinct fetiform characteristics.

Implications:

  • Epignathus is a life-threatening neonatal condition necessitating prompt management.
  • Prenatal diagnosis is essential for coordinating interventions, including securing the airway via endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
  • Complete surgical resection of the tumor is the definitive treatment approach.