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Pattern formation in phase separating binary mixtures.

Ebie M Sam1, Yumino Hayase, Günter K Auernhammer

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two distinct patterns emerge during fluid phase separation, driven by thermodynamics and hydrodynamics. These phenomena, linked to Rayleigh-Bénard and Bénard-Marangoni instabilities, depend on material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Phase separation in (quasi-)binary mixtures is a fundamental process in physical chemistry.
  • Understanding the interplay between thermodynamics and hydrodynamics is crucial for predicting mixture behavior.
  • Pattern formation during phase transitions can be influenced by various physical instabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the emergence of patterns during phase separation of binary mixtures.
  • To differentiate between distinct scenarios of pattern formation based on material parameters.
  • To elucidate the underlying thermodynamic and hydrodynamic mechanisms driving these patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of pattern formation while slowly crossing the cloud point curve.
  • Utilizing quasi-binary mixtures of methanol-hexane and C(4)E(1)-water doped with decane.
  • Analysis of calorimetric data and estimation of dimensionless numbers (e.g., Rayleigh number).

Main Results:

  • Two distinct scenarios of pattern formation were observed, dependent on material parameters.
  • In methanol-hexane, patterns appeared before macroscopic phase separation, attributed to a latent heat-induced Rayleigh-Bénard instability.
  • In C(4)E(1)-water mixtures, patterns formed during clearing after heating-induced phase separation, linked to an interfacial tension-induced Bénard-Marangoni instability.

Conclusions:

  • The study experimentally confirms two distinct hydrodynamic instabilities driving pattern formation during phase separation.
  • The observed phenomena are governed by latent heat and interfacial tension effects, respectively.
  • Dimensionless numbers effectively distinguish between the two observed scenarios, providing a quantitative framework.