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Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay
11:38

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

Non-Smad signaling pathways.

Yabing Mu1, Shyam Kumar Gudey, Maréne Landström

  • 1Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.

Cell and Tissue Research
|June 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) regulates cell fate and drives tumor progression via Smad and non-Smad pathways. This review highlights recent findings on TGFβ-induced non-Smad signaling, crucial for understanding cell fate and cancer.

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Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay
11:38

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a critical regulator of embryonic cell fate.
  • TGFβ also drives the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor progression.
  • TGFβ signaling involves transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors (TβRI and TβRII).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on TGFβ-induced non-Smad signaling pathways.
  • To elucidate the role of non-Smad pathways in TGFβ-mediated cellular responses.
  • To highlight the regulation of TGFβ signaling by post-translational modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on TGFβ signaling.
  • Analysis of Smad and non-Smad mediated pathways.
  • Discussion of post-translational modifications in TGFβ signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • TGFβ utilizes both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent (non-Smad) pathways.
  • Key non-Smad pathways include MAPK (p38, JNK, Ras-Erk), PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and Rho GTPases.
  • TRAF6 and TAK1 are crucial for activating p38 and JNK MAPK pathways.
  • Post-translational modifications tightly regulate TGFβ signal duration and activity.

Conclusions:

  • Non-Smad pathways are essential for conveying TGFβ signals.
  • Understanding these pathways is critical for comprehending cell fate and cancer progression.
  • Post-translational modifications play a vital role in TGFβ signal specificity and regulation.