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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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Published on: September 18, 2014

Innate immune receptors for nucleic acids.

Andrea Stutz1, Damien Bertheloot, Eicke Latz

  • 1Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 25, 2011
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Summary

Researchers developed two methods to study how nucleic acid-sensing receptors interact with ligands. These techniques help identify unknown receptors and measure binding affinity, advancing innate immunity research.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The innate immune system uses signaling receptors to detect pathogens and tissue damage.
  • Recognition of nucleic acids, especially those in abnormal locations or with modifications, is crucial for immune responses.
  • Understanding receptor-ligand interactions is key to innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present two experimental methods for studying molecular interactions between nucleic acid-recognizing signaling receptors and their ligands.
  • To provide tools for both confirming known interactions and discovering novel receptor-ligand pairs.
  • To enable the quantitative assessment of ligand binding affinity to specific receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Ligand pull-down assay: Used to demonstrate known interactions or discover unknown receptors for a specific ligand.
  • AlphaScreen experiment: Employed to quantify the binding affinity between a receptor and its ligand.

Main Results:

  • The described methods are applicable to studying interactions involving various nucleic acid-recognizing signaling receptors.
  • Ligand pull-down assays can validate existing receptor-ligand relationships or identify novel binding partners.
  • AlphaScreen provides a quantitative measure of the strength of receptor-ligand binding.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ligand pull-down and AlphaScreen assays are valuable tools for investigating innate immune receptor-nucleic acid interactions.
  • These methods facilitate the characterization of both known and previously unidentified components of nucleic acid sensing pathways.
  • This work contributes to a deeper understanding of how the innate immune system detects danger signals.