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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

Comparative antimicrobial activity of two new mutacins.

G G Nicolas1, G LaPointe, M C Lavoie

  • 1Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. guillaume.nicolas.1@ulaval.ca

The West Indian Medical Journal
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mutacin D-123.1 effectively targets human pathogens, while Mutacin F-59.1 shows promise against foodborne bacteria. Both mutacins demonstrate significant antibacterial potential for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Bacteriocins, such as mutacins, are antimicrobial peptides with potential applications in medicine and food preservation.
  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of mutacins D-123.1 and F-59.1.
  • To evaluate their potential application against various bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant ones.

Main Methods:

  • Determined the antibacterial activity spectrum of purified mutacin F-59.1.
  • Measured the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) of mutacins D-123.1 and F-59.1 against target bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Both mutacins inhibited most tested bacteria.
  • Mutacin D-123.1 exhibited low MICs (0.25-4 µg/mL) against human pathogens.
  • Mutacin F-59.1 displayed higher MICs (3.2-12.8 µg/mL) primarily against foodborne pathogens, with a relatively wide activity spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • Mutacins D-123.1 and F-59.1 are effective against human and foodborne pathogens, respectively.
  • Mutacin D-123.1 shows potential as a novel antibiotic.
  • Mutacin F-59.1 demonstrates promising applications in food preservation.