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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Typical atrial flutter in an atypical patient.

Royce L Bargas¹, William H Sauer, Christopher M Lowery

¹Division of Cardiology, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Colorado, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Congenital Heart Disease

|June 28, 2011

Summary

This study presents a novel ablation technique for atrial flutter in a patient with complex adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and situs inversus totalis. A left-sided hepatic vein approach enabled successful arrhythmia termination despite challenging anatomy and venous occlusions.

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Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

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Published on: June 29, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD)

Background:

Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) presents unique challenges for electrophysiological procedures, particularly concerning intravascular access.
Situs inversus totalis, a condition where major visceral organs are reversed, further complicates cardiac anatomy and access routes.

Observation:

A 28-year-old woman with situs inversus totalis, ventricular septal defect, and dextro-transposition of the great arteries experienced recurrent narrow-complex tachycardia.
Bilateral iliac vein occlusions necessitated access via the left internal jugular vein to reach the coronary sinus (CS).

Findings:

Three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping and entrainment pacing confirmed typical atrial flutter around the tricuspid valve.
Due to venous access difficulties, a left-sided hepatic vein approach was utilized for ablation at the cavotricuspid isthmus.
Successful ablation terminated the arrhythmia and achieved isthmus block.

Implications:

This case demonstrates the necessity for creative and adaptable procedural strategies in managing arrhythmias in ACHD patients with complex congenital anomalies.
Atypical cardiac anatomy and challenging venous access require innovative solutions for successful catheter ablation.
The left-sided hepatic vein approach offers a viable alternative for intravascular access when standard routes are compromised.