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Peripheral neural excitability. Implications for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

D C Howson

    Physical Therapy
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) effectiveness relies on understanding neurophysiological principles. This review covers neural mechanisms, pulse effects on excitability, and practical considerations for clinical use and patient safety.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a widely used therapeutic modality.
    • Understanding the underlying neurophysiological principles is crucial for optimizing TENS effectiveness.
    • Existing literature lacks a consolidated review of TENS mechanisms and practical application factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present fundamental neurophysiological principles relevant to TENS.
    • To review peripheral and central neural mechanisms involved in TENS.
    • To analyze the impact of pulse characteristics on neural excitability and discuss clinical considerations.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of basic neurophysiological principles.
    • Analysis of peripheral and central neural mechanisms.

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  • Examination of individual pulse characteristics' effects on neural excitability.
  • Comparison of representative commercial stimulators and waveform analysis under various load conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed explanation of how TENS interacts with neural pathways.
    • Analysis of how specific pulse parameters (e.g., amplitude, frequency, duration) influence neural responses.
    • Illustrations of waveforms for different load conditions and comparison of commercial TENS devices.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective TENS application requires a thorough understanding of neurophysiology.
    • Pulse characteristics significantly modulate neural excitability and therapeutic outcomes.
    • Clinical effectiveness, patient acceptance, and safety are paramount considerations for TENS implementation.