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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Urolithiasis in the elderly.

John-Paul McCarthy1, Thomas A A Skinner, Richard W Norman

  • 1Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Urology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly patients (≥ 80 years) with urolithiasis present with larger stones and more comorbidities. Management often requires ureteric stenting and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), but most cases can be treated safely.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is a growing concern in elderly populations (≥ 80 years).
  • Understanding the unique challenges in this demographic is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical presentation and management strategies of urolithiasis in patients aged 80 years and older versus a younger cohort.
  • To identify differences in stone characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients with urolithiasis managed at a tertiary care stone clinic over five years.
  • Comparison of clinical data between patients ≥ 80 years and a randomly selected sample of patients < 80 years.

Main Results:

  • The elderly group (mean age 83.5 years) had more comorbidities and larger stones than the younger group (mean age 50.1 years).
  • Elderly patients were more likely to receive ureteric stents (27% vs 7%) and undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) (23% vs 9%).
  • Younger patients more frequently presented with flank pain and were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) (35% vs 8%).

Conclusions:

  • Urolithiasis in the elderly is complex due to comorbidities and atypical presentations, often leading to larger stones.
  • Early ureteric stenting and PCNL are more common in older adults.
  • Despite challenges, most elderly patients with urolithiasis can be treated safely, often on an outpatient basis.