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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

[Attention deficit disorder: multidisciplinary observational study over 1 year].

J Chambry1, C Billard, M Guinard

  • 1Inserm U669, fondation Vallée, CHU de Bicêtre, université Paris VII et Paris XI, 94275 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

L'Encephale
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children requires a multidisciplinary approach. Methylphenidate (MPH) combined with psychotherapy improved attention deficits, while psychotherapy is indicated for comorbid anxiety.

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Area of Science:

  • Multidisciplinary child psychiatry and neuropsychology.
  • Pediatric neurology and developmental disorders.

Context:

  • Traditional French approaches to ADHD were polarized (biological vs. psychoanalytic).
  • A multidisciplinary observational study was conducted over one year with 36 children diagnosed with ADHD.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a combined treatment approach for ADHD.
  • To assess the impact of methylphenidate (MPH) and psychotherapy on cognitive and psychopathological symptoms.
  • To investigate the role of neuropsychological and psychodynamic evaluations in ADHD assessment.

Summary:

  • Initial evaluations revealed significant attention deficits, executive function impairments, and high comorbidity rates (anxiety, oppositional, conduct disorders).
  • After one year, children treated with MPH and psychotherapy showed significant improvements in attention and executive functions.
  • Psychotherapy was crucial for addressing anxiety, while MPH did not improve anxiety scores.

Impact:

  • Neuropsychological evaluation is essential for objective assessment of attention deficits, independent of questionnaire scores.
  • Projective tests provide valuable insights into psychopathology, revealing borderline organization in half the children.
  • The study highlights the need for tailored therapeutic projects, integrating MPH and psychotherapy based on individual needs, and addresses challenges in accessing psychotherapeutic care.