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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas
07:00

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas

Published on: February 28, 2019

Genetics and phenotyping in chronic sinusitis.

Spencer C Payne1, Larry Borish, John W Steinke

  • 1Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic sinusitis is not a single disease but a group of heterogeneous conditions. Recognizing distinct presentations and underlying causes is crucial for effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) has been historically viewed as a singular clinical entity.
  • Emerging evidence suggests CRSwNP comprises multiple distinct diseases, similar to asthma.
  • These distinct diseases are characterized by unique histologic, gene, and protein expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct disease presentations within chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • To differentiate these conditions based on clinical, cellular, molecular, and genetic factors.
  • To outline current therapeutic interventions for each distinct disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on distinct presentations of chronic sinus disease.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, cellular and molecular characteristics, and genetic differences.
  • Evaluation of current treatment options for differentiated disease subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Chronic sinusitis encompasses heterogeneous diseases, not a monolithic disorder.
  • Distinguishing diseases based on eosinophilic infiltrate and specific causative agents is essential.
  • Understanding distinct disease characteristics guides appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic sinusitis represents a spectrum of diseases requiring differential diagnosis.
  • Personalized treatment approaches based on distinct disease phenotypes are necessary.
  • Further research into the unique drivers of each disease subtype will refine management.