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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

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Published on: January 22, 2015

Novel autotrophic nitrogen removal system using gel entrapment technology.

Kazuichi Isaka1, Hiroki Itokawa, Yuya Kimura

  • 1Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd., Kami-Hongo 537, Matsudo, Chiba 271-0064, Japan. kazuichi.isaka.mp@hitachi-pt.com

Bioresource Technology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel nitritation-anammox process using immobilized bacteria in gel carriers for digester supernatant treatment. The process achieved stable nitrogen removal with suppressed nitrate production and high conversion rates, even with high suspended solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Wastewater treatment technologies
  • Bioreactor design

Background:

  • Digester supernatant poses challenges for nitrogen removal due to high ammonia and suspended solids.
  • Conventional nitrification-denitrification processes can be inefficient and produce significant nitrate byproduct.
  • Developing robust and efficient nitrogen removal systems is crucial for wastewater management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a pilot-scale nitritation-anammox process for treating digester supernatant.
  • To investigate the efficacy of immobilizing ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in gel carriers.
  • To assess the stability and performance of the integrated process under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in gel carriers with suppressed nitrite-oxidizing bacteria growth via heat shock.
  • Development of a novel process for entrapping anammox bacteria in gel carriers to maintain biomass.
  • Operation of a pilot plant to treat digester supernatant using the nitritation-anammox sequence.

Main Results:

  • Stable nitritation performance with average nitrogen loading and nitritation rates of 3.0 and 1.7 kg Nm(-3)d(-1), respectively.
  • Complete suppression of nitrate production during the nitritation stage.
  • Achieved stable nitrogen removal in the anammox process with an average nitrogen conversion rate of 5.0 kg Nm(-3)d(-1) after a two-month startup.
  • Demonstrated stable performance even with influent suspended solids up to 1500 mg L(-1) due to entrapped anammox bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nitritation-anammox process using gel-immobilized bacteria is effective for treating digester supernatant.
  • Immobilization enhances biomass retention and process stability, particularly in the presence of high suspended solids.
  • This approach offers a promising solution for efficient and stable nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.