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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Extraction tool and matrix effects on arsenic speciation analysis in cell lines.

Lucy Yehiayan1, Nellymar Membreno, Shannon Matulis

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, United States.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Developing efficient arsenic (As) extraction from cell lines requires careful consideration of glutathione (GSH). High GSH concentrations are crucial for stabilizing As-glutathione complexes during analysis, impacting arsenic metabolite identification.

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Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Arsenic (As) metabolism involves arsenic-glutathione (As-GSH) complexes, but cellular-level studies are limited by analytical challenges.
  • Understanding As metabolism requires efficient extraction and accurate speciation of arsenicals from biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient extraction method for arsenicals from cell lines.
  • To investigate the effect of glutathione (GSH) on the stability of As-GSH complexes.
  • To identify arsenic metabolites in multiple myeloma cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated various extraction tools (vortex, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonic probe) and solvents (water, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid, pepsin, trypsin, protease).
  • Studied the stability of As-GSH complexes under different GSH concentrations (0.5mM vs. 5mM) over 5 days.
  • Performed speciation analysis of dimethylarsino glutathione (DMA(GS)) in cell lines with and without GSH.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonic probe enhanced extraction recoveries and time efficiency.
  • As species showed higher stability in water, pepsin, and trypsin.
  • 5mM GSH significantly stabilized As-GSH complexes over 5 days, unlike 0.5mM GSH.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient extraction of arsenicals, particularly As-GSH complexes, requires optimized conditions.
  • Glutathione concentration is critical for preserving the identity and stability of arsenic metabolites during analysis.
  • The developed method aids in understanding arsenic metabolism at the cellular level.