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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

Laser scanning cytometry: capturing the immune system in situ.

Mairi A McGrath¹, Angela M Morton, Margaret M Harnett

¹Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Methods in Cell Biology

|June 28, 2011

Summary

New imaging technologies allow researchers to visualize molecular and cellular immune responses in vivo. This breakthrough enables detailed analysis of immune cell signaling and interactions within their natural microenvironment, advancing our understanding of immunity and tolerance.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Previously, imaging and functionally correlating immune events in vivo was limited.
Existing methods like tetramers and adoptive transfer models lack quantitative in vivo analysis.
Traditional signal transduction analysis requires cell isolation, risking artifacts and losing in situ context.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome limitations in analyzing immune cell signaling and interactions in vivo.
To enable quantitative, in situ assessment of molecular and cellular events in the immune system.
To facilitate a deeper understanding of immune responses in health and disease.

Main Methods:

Development of sensitive cell signaling analysis methodologies.
Utilization of advanced technologies like laser scanning cytometry.
In vivo imaging and functional correlation of immune events.

Main Results:

New methodologies enable detection of signaling events in individual cells in situ.
Laser scanning cytometry facilitates analysis of molecular and cellular interactions in vivo.
Quantitative assessment of anatomical, phenotypic, signaling, and functional parameters is now possible.

Conclusions:

Recent advancements overcome previous limitations in studying immune responses in vivo.
New technologies allow for detailed, in situ analysis of immune cell behavior and signaling.
This facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the intact immune system's function.