Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epicardial Fat Drives Macrophage Response in Atrial Cardiomyopathy.

Circulation research·2026
Same author

Opposing Association of Lung Neutrophils and PD-L1<sup>+</sup> Monocytes in Age-Related Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Aging cell·2026
Same author

Nano-Flow Cytometry of Single Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Subpopulation Differences Across Cell Types and Pharmacological Perturbations.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026
Same author

Extracellular vesicle analysis.

Nature reviews. Methods primers·2026
Same author

SCANDARE: an institutional dynamic prospective interventional biobanking study.

BMC cancer·2026
Same author

IL-2 Free Expansion of T Cells with Immunofilaments.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Antigen localization controls T cell-mediated tumor immunity.

Ingrid S Zeelenberg1, Wendy W C van Maren, Alexandre Boissonnas

  • 1Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. I.Zeelenberg@ncmls.ru.nl

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tumor antigen localization impacts immunotherapy effectiveness. Vesicle-bound antigens elicit strong antitumor CD8(+) T cell responses, unlike cell-associated or soluble forms, suggesting location is key for successful cancer immunotherapy.

More Related Videos

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Effective antitumor immunotherapy relies on identifying optimal target antigens.
  • Many current clinical trial tumor antigens are found in secreted tumor vesicles (exosomes).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare T cell responses to a model antigen presented at different localizations within tumor cells: associated with secreted vesicles (exosomes), as a nonsecreted cell-associated protein, or as a secreted soluble protein.
  • To determine how antigen localization influences antitumor immunity and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Murine MCA101 fibrosarcoma tumors expressing a model antigen at various cellular localizations were utilized.
  • T cell responses, including CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell help, antibody production, and regulatory T cell populations, were assessed.
  • Therapeutic tumor models involving cryoablation were employed to evaluate antigen persistence and T cell detection post-therapy.

Main Results:

  • Only tumors secreting vesicle-bound antigens induced robust Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, CD4(+) T cell help, and Ag-specific antibodies.
  • Vesicle-bound antigens led to a decrease in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells within the tumor.
  • In a cryoablation model, Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells were detectable for longer in tumors secreting vesicle-bound antigens post-therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Antigen localization within a tumor critically determines the elicited immune response.
  • Vesicle-bound antigens promote a significantly more immunogenic phenotype compared to soluble or cell-associated antigens.
  • These findings have implications for discovering new tumor antigens for immunotherapy, emphasizing the importance of their location for eliciting strong antitumor immune responses.