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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
07:39

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Effect of environmental contaminants on Beta cell function.

Emilija Makaji1, Sandeep Raha, Michael G Wade

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

International Journal of Toxicology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Environmental chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) may harm type 2 diabetes development. BPA exposure altered insulin secretion and cellular stress in beta cells, suggesting a direct link to disease risk.

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12:32

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Published on: January 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Global rise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence.
  • Growing concern over environmental chemicals' role in T2D.
  • Limited evidence on direct chemical effects on pancreatic beta cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate direct effects of environmental contaminants on beta cell function.
  • Examine mechanistic pathways linking contaminants to beta cell dysfunction.
  • Assess impact of specific chemicals including bisphenol A (BPA) on insulin secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse beta TC-6 cells for experiments.
  • Tested acute effects of six substances: benzo[a]pyrene, BPA, propylparaben, methylparaben, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctyl sulfone.
  • Analyzed chronic BPA exposure effects on cellular and endoplasmic reticulum stress response proteins.

Main Results:

  • Bisphenol A (BPA) was the only substance that directly affected insulin secretion.
  • Chronic BPA exposure led to alterations in key proteins involved in cellular and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
  • Data indicate a direct impact of BPA on beta cell function.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may negatively impact pancreatic beta cell function.
  • BPA is a potential contributor to the underlying causes of type 2 diabetes.
  • Environmental contaminants warrant further investigation for their role in metabolic diseases.