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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating
08:04

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

Published on: February 20, 2016

Exchange-coupled magnetic nanoparticles for efficient heat induction.

Jae-Hyun Lee1, Jung-Tak Jang, Jin-Sil Choi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

Nature Nanotechnology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimized core-shell magnetic nanoparticles significantly boost heat conversion efficiency for non-invasive biotechnology applications. These advanced nanoparticles show superior therapeutic efficacy in preclinical cancer studies.

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Magnetic-, Acoustic-, and Optical-Triple-Responsive Microbubbles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Pothotothermal Combination Cancer Therapy
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Magnetic-, Acoustic-, and Optical-Triple-Responsive Microbubbles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Pothotothermal Combination Cancer Therapy

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In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Using a Custom-Built Delivery System
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In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Using a Custom-Built Delivery System

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating
08:04

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

Published on: February 20, 2016

Magnetic-, Acoustic-, and Optical-Triple-Responsive Microbubbles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Pothotothermal Combination Cancer Therapy
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In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Using a Custom-Built Delivery System
06:45

In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Using a Custom-Built Delivery System

Published on: July 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electromagnetic energy conversion to heat by nanoparticles offers potential for non-invasive biotechnological applications.
  • Current limitations in conversion efficiencies hinder practical applications of magnetic nanoparticles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To significantly enhance the efficiency of magnetic thermal induction by nanoparticles.
  • To develop core-shell magnetic nanoparticles with improved specific loss power.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing exchange coupling between magnetically hard cores and soft shells to tune nanoparticle magnetic properties.
  • Optimizing nanoparticle design to maximize specific loss power (conversion efficiency).
  • Conducting an in vivo antitumour study in mice.

Main Results:

  • Achieved specific loss power values an order of magnitude higher than conventional iron-oxide nanoparticles.
  • Demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy of optimized nanoparticles compared to a standard anticancer drug in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • Core-shell magnetic nanoparticles represent a significant advancement in magnetic hyperthermia for biotechnology.
  • These nanoparticles show promise for enhanced drug delivery and cancer treatment applications.