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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices
07:57

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Published on: April 11, 2018

Progress in Alzheimer's disease.

Daniela Galimberti1, Elio Scarpini

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. daniela.galimberti@unimi.it

Journal of Neurology
|June 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers advancements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) understanding and diagnosis, focusing on preclinical detection using biomarkers and new disease-modifying treatments for early-stage intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Over a century since the initial description of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Significant progress in elucidating AD pathogenesis and early diagnostic methods.
  • Need for updated diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.
  • To discuss novel diagnostic criteria for preclinical AD detection using biomarkers.
  • To explore emerging disease-modifying treatments and future clinical trial designs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific findings.
  • Analysis of novel diagnostic criteria for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Evaluation of current and emerging disease-modifying compounds for AD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Development of new criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in preclinical stages.
  • Identification of key biological markers for early AD detection.
  • Emergence of novel disease-modifying compounds and strategies for early intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly feasible using biomarkers.
  • Novel therapeutic agents show promise for disease modification in early AD.
  • Future clinical trials require optimized designs for testing early-stage AD interventions.