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08:20
Using Microarrays to Interrogate Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular Phenotypes in Cancer
Published on: May 21, 2019
Chromosome microarray analysis in a clinical environment: new perspective and new challenge.
A George1, R Marquis-Nicholson, L T Zhang
1Diagnostic Genetics, LabPLUS, Auckland, New Zealand.
British Journal of Biomedical Science
|June 29, 2011
Summary
Advancements in DNA analysis technology enable diagnostic labs to examine the human genome with greater precision. Whole genome microarray analysis now surpasses conventional karyotyping for copy number variation detection, despite increased data interpretation time.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- Human genome analysis has transitioned from research to routine diagnostics.
- Technological advancements have significantly improved DNA interrogation resolution.
- Whole genome-based copy number variation analysis using microarrays is a key development.
Observation:
- Microarray technology offers an order of magnitude improvement in resolution over conventional karyotyping.
- This enhanced resolution necessitates more time for data interpretation.
- Cytogeneticists must adapt to tools used by molecular geneticists and bioinformaticists.
Findings:
- Microarrays are replacing karyotyping as the standard diagnostic method for copy number changes.
- Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) provides high-resolution genome-wide analysis.
- Case studies highlight the practical utility and interpretation challenges of array data.
Implications:
- The adoption of microarray technology signifies a paradigm shift in cytogenetics.
- Enhanced diagnostic capabilities for genetic disorders are now achievable.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration between cytogeneticists, molecular geneticists, and bioinformaticists is crucial for effective implementation.
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02:34DNA Microarrays
Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
01:17Karyotyping
Overview