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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface

In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel
13:28

Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel

Published on: August 8, 2017

Tissue morphing control on dynamic gradient surfaces.

Wei Luo1, Muhammad N Yousaf

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created smart surfaces to control mammalian cell behavior over time and space. These dynamic surfaces guide cell adhesion, tissue shaping, and migration for advanced biological studies.

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Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel
13:28

Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel

Published on: August 8, 2017

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Controlling mammalian cell behavior is crucial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
  • Existing methods often lack spatial and temporal precision in guiding cellular activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel smart surfaces enabling precise spatial and temporal control over mammalian cell behavior.
  • To investigate the use of dynamic ligand surface gradients for cell adhesion, tissue morphing, and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a bioactive surface strategy with a photo-electroactive surface strategy.
  • Generation of dynamic ligand surface gradients.
  • Utilizing these gradients to influence mammalian cell adhesion, tissue shape, and migration patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful spatial and temporal control of mammalian cell behavior.
  • Showcased the ability of dynamic ligand gradients to modulate cell adhesion and tissue morphing.
  • Observed controlled cell and tissue migration in response to surface stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Smart surfaces offer a powerful platform for precise control of cell and tissue dynamics.
  • The developed photo-electroactive and bioactive surface integration provides a versatile tool for cell-based research.
  • This approach has significant implications for advancing tissue engineering and understanding developmental biology.